Image: Little Greene

The Hidden Pollutants in Traditional Paints

When planning a home renovation or simple refresh, the paint colour is often our primary concern. We pore over swatches, deliberate between shades, and envision how the final result will transform our space. However, what many homeowners don't consider is what's actually in that tin of paint - and how it might affect the air they breathe long after the painting is complete.

Traditional paints and finishes contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) - chemicals that evaporate at room temperature and release harmful gases into your home. That distinctive 'new paint smell' many associate with freshness is actually the scent of these chemicals being released into your air, a process called off-gassing that can continue for years after application.

What Exactly Are VOCs?

VOCs include a range of chemicals such as formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, and xylene. These compounds are added to paints to enhance performance - improving drying time, providing better coverage, and preventing mildew. While they serve functional purposes, they come with significant health and environmental drawbacks.

When these compounds evaporate into your home's air, they can contribute to a range of health issues, particularly for those with respiratory sensitivities. In fact, studies have shown that indoor air can be two to five times more polluted than outdoor air, with paint VOCs being a major contributor.

The Health Impact of VOCs

Research has linked exposure to VOCs with both short and long-term health effects. In the short term, high levels of VOCs can cause headaches, dizziness, visual disturbances, and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. For those with asthma or chemical sensitivities, the effects can be even more pronounced.

The long-term effects are more concerning. Extended exposure has been associated with damage to the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system. Some VOCs are even suspected or known carcinogens. Children, pregnant women, elderly individuals, and those with existing health conditions are particularly vulnerable.

The Low-VOC Revolution

Fortunately, the industry has responded to these concerns with innovative low-VOC and zero-VOC alternatives. These paints and finishes have dramatically reduced levels of harmful compounds while still delivering excellent performance.

Low-VOC paints typically contain less than 50 grams of VOCs per litre, while zero-VOC options contain less than 5 grams per litre. By comparison, traditional oil-based paints can contain up to 500 grams per litre.

The technology behind these healthier alternatives has improved significantly in recent years. Early low-VOC paints were criticised for poor coverage, limited colour options, and inferior durability. Today's versions, however, offer performance comparable to - and sometimes exceeding - their traditional counterparts.

Benefits Beyond Health

While the health advantages of low-VOC paints are compelling on their own, there are additional benefits worth considering:

Environmental Impact

VOCs contribute to air pollution and the formation of ground-level ozone. By choosing low-VOC products, you're reducing your home's environmental footprint. Many eco-friendly paints also use sustainable manufacturing processes and packaging.

Faster Occupancy

With lower emissions, spaces painted with low-VOC products can be occupied sooner. This is particularly important for commercial projects or when painting nurseries, bedrooms, or living areas where quick re-entry is desired.

Reduced Odour

The milder smell of low-VOC paints makes the painting process much more pleasant. Those sensitive to strong odours will particularly appreciate this benefit.

Making the Right Choice for Your Home

When selecting paints and finishes for your next project, consider these tips:

Look for Certifications

The EU Ecolabel, Global GreenTag, and Cradle to Cradle certifications identify products that meet strict environmental and health standards. In the UK, look for products that comply with the European Directive 2004/42/EC, which limits VOC content in paints.

Read Labels Carefully

Some products marketed as 'green' or 'eco-friendly' may still contain significant VOC levels. Check the actual VOC content (in grams per litre) rather than relying on marketing claims.

Consider All Finishes

Remember that VOCs aren't limited to wall paint. Varnishes, stains, sealants, and other finishes can also contain high levels of harmful compounds. Apply the same scrutiny to all products used in your renovation.

Test Before Committing

Even low-VOC paints can trigger reactions in highly sensitive individuals. Request samples and test in a small area before committing to a whole room or house.

Beyond Paint: A Holistic Approach to Indoor Air Quality

While choosing low-VOC paints is an excellent start, consider it part of a comprehensive approach to improving your home's air quality. Use proper ventilation during and after painting. Consider air-purifying plants like spider plants and peace lilies that can help filter indoor air. And extend your scrutiny to other potential sources of VOCs, such as furniture, carpeting, and cleaning products.

The Future is Clear

The trend toward healthier, more sustainable building materials continues to gain momentum. As consumers become more aware of indoor air quality issues, demand for low-VOC products grows. Manufacturers are responding with innovations that make these healthier alternatives the new standard rather than specialty items.

We're committed to helping our clients create not just beautiful spaces, but healthy ones. Our designers and contractors are well-versed in selecting materials that protect your family's health while achieving your design vision.

When planning your next interior painting project, remember that the perfect colour is just one aspect of the perfect paint. By choosing low-VOC options, you're investing not just in the appearance of your home, but in the well-being of everyone who lives there.